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Medicare Reform: Expanding Medicare Coverage
Medicare
Reform
A Century
Foundation Guide to the Issues
revised for 2001
Copyright
Information
Introduction
Medicare
Nuts and Bolts
What
Is Right with Medicare?
What
is Wrong with Medicare?
What
Is New in Medicare?
Evaluating
Reform Proposals
Expanding Medicare Coverage
A Prescription Drug Benefit
A
Buy-In for the Fifty-five-Plus Uninsured
Reform
the Entire Health Care System
Expanding
Medicare Coverage
Given the current economic prosperity and changes in modern medicine, many believe it is time to think about augmenting the benefits Medicare provides. The most frequently mentioned proposals involve the provision of an outpatient prescription drug benefit, an option for Americans approaching retirement to buy into the program, and the addition of coverage for long-term care.
The chief disadvantage of these proposed changes is their expected cost. However, the scope of the current Medicare benefit package is restricted in such a way that it lags behind that of most private sector insurance plans for the under-sixty-five population. Enhancing Medicare's coverage would improve seniors' quality of life, and it might make restructuring the program or raising taxes and premiums more palatable.
*
A
Prescription Drug Benefit
The lack of outpatient prescription drug coverage in fee-for-service Medicare is the program's most glaring inadequacy. Most private insurance plans, and the universal public health plans in other developed nations, cover prescription drugs. Drug therapies can reduce the need for hospitalization and treat chronic health problems like heart disease, arthritis, and depression effectively.
Up to 69 percent of Medicare beneficiaries do obtain drug coverage of some kind through supplemental insurance, such as HMOs, employer-sponsored plans, and Medigap plans. (See Figure 9, page 50.) However, the out-of-pocket spending of older Americans on drugs amounts to about 50 percent of their costs, compared with just 34 percent for those under
sixty-five. 97 The price of prescription drugs used most often by the elderly has been rising in recent years, and expensive, new brand-name drugs, some of them more effective than the older drugs they are superseding, are being brought to market at an increasingly rapid
pace. 98
Figure 9.
Percentage of Medicare Enrollees with Supplemental Coverage for Prescription Drugs
(a Benefit Not Covered by Fee-for-Service Medicare)
Source : John A. Poisal and George S. Chulis, "Medicare Beneficiaries and Drug Coverage," Health Affairs 19 (March/April 2000): 250.
Since Medicare constitutes a large share of the market for any medical services it pays for, pharmaceutical companies fear that a new Medicare drug benefit might lead to government regulation of drug prices and crimp the development of new drugs. Whether innovation would actually be hindered is a hotly debated question.
An outpatient drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries could take many forms. The most important distinction between the three major plans currently under consideration in Washington is how they would fit into the current structure of the American health insurance
system. 99
A Benefit through
the Existing Medicare Program
This approach would make the coverage of prescriptions an optional part of the standard Medicare benefit package. Beneficiaries would have a single opportunity to opt into the new benefit and would pay an additional annual premium, much as they do for the Medicare Part B (physicians' services) benefit. Employers who already provide substantial drug coverage to their retirees would receive a subsidy to encourage the continuation of that coverage.
If adequately subsidized, a benefit of this sort would make it possible to give sick people the care they need without dramatically affecting the cost of each person covered. It also would maintain the Medicare program's tradition of offering a single package of benefits to all elderly and disabled people, a feature that contributes to the program's broad-based popular support.
On the other hand, a drug benefit might encourage some companies to drop their existing drug coverage for retirees, despite the subsidy they would receive. About a quarter of today's Medicare enrollees enjoy this kind of employer-provided coverage, which is a major, if dwindling, source of private dollars spent on drugs for older Americans. Also, by subsidizing costs from the first dollar spent on prescription drugs, this design might lead to an increase in drug use and drive up program costs.
A Benefit in a
Restructured Medicare Program
This reform would divide up Medicare into competing health plans, including both managed care plans and the traditional fee-for-service program. Beneficiaries' plan premiums would be partly subsidized by the government. Each participating plan would be required to offer a "high-option" package of benefits that included prescription drugs.
In theory, beneficiaries in this remodeled Medicare program would choose superior plans on the basis of price and quality, pushing health plans to provide better care at a lower cost over time. In order for competition among health care plans to work, beneficiaries would be allowed to switch plans and plan options on a regular basis. As a result, however, healthier beneficiaries would likely stay away from the expensive high-option packages with drug coverage until they fell sick and needed more generous coverage. This separation of beneficiaries into sicker and healthier groups could drive up the premiums of the high-option plans. The government would try to prevent this split by paying more to plans that cover sicker beneficiaries. However, such "risk adjustment" efforts have proved difficult to design and implement. Furthermore, genuine market competition between health plans likely would force some of them out of business, which could prove disruptive to beneficiaries.
A Benefit Via the
Supplemental Insurance Market
Another strategy is to subsidize the purchase of private supplemental insurance policies that cover outpatient prescriptions, leaving Medicare itself basically unchanged. Adopting such a plan would cause minimum disruption to the current system of supplemental insurance and might lead to less displacement of private spending on drugs than the other two approaches. By leaving the status quo largely intact, this approach also might garner the political support of pharmaceutical companies. The flaws of the existing supplemental insurance market could reproduce themselves under this approach, however. Sicker beneficiaries might disproportionately buy into individually purchased drug coverage plans, thereby forcing up insurance premiums, while healthier beneficiaries avoided the insurance market until they became ill.
...Previous
Next...
97. Margaret Davis et al., "Prescription Drug Coverage, Utilization, and Spending among Medicare Beneficiaries,"
Health Affairs 18 (January/February 1999): 236. Some of those beneficiaries counted as covered may have drug coverage for only part of a calendar year.
98. See "Factors Affecting the Growth of Prescription Drug Expenditures," National Institute for Health Care Management Research and Education Foundation, July 9, 1999, available at
http://www.nihcm.org .
99. For a comprehensive, point-by-point comparison of several major proposals for prescription drug coverage, see "Prescription Drug Coverage for Medicare Beneficiaries: A Side-by-Side Comparison of Selected Proposals," Kaiser Family Foundation, Washington, D.C., March 2000. For more information and sources on this subject, see "An Outpatient Drug Benefit for Medicare," Idea Brief no. 10, The Century Foundation, New York, June 2000, available at
http://www.ideas2000.org/Issues/Health/Drug_Benefit.pdf .
Results from search: http://www.medicarerights.org/testimony12.html
Medicare Rights Center-Testimony 8
Testimony
Statement of Jennifer Weiss
Director of
Policy , Medicare Rights Center
Before the US House of Representatives
Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Health
Medicare Supplemental Insurance
March 14, 2002
View Her Testimony
A webcast and transcript of the entire hearing can be found at kaisernetwork.org , a free service of the Kaiser Family Foundation.
My name is Jennifer Weiss and I am the director of policy at the Medicare Rights Center. The Medicare Rights Center is a national consumer service organization, based in New York, working to ensure that older and disabled Americans get good, affordable health care. Under a contract with the New York State Office for the Aging, with funding from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, we operate New
York State's Health Insurance Assistance Program hotline. Every year we hear from more than 60,000 people with Medicare, who have questions about their
Medicare benefits, rights and options. We also operate a National Medicare
HMO Hotline that assists elderly and disabled Americans who are struggling
to get needed care and coverage from their HMOs. I thank the Ways and Means
Subcommittee on Health for this opportunity to testify on Medicare Supplemental Insurance policies.
For the older and disabled men and women we serve, there are three critical Medigap issues: they want meaningful and understandable Medigap choices, a good Medigap benefit package, and affordable Medigap coverage. To the extent Medigap reform proposals affect these key issues, on behalf of our clients, we ask that you tread carefully. As you well know, changes often have unintended consequences. Adding new Medigap plans that are not affordable, or that lead to increases in the premiums charged for other Medigap plans, or that discourage access to needed care, will jeopardize the health of older and disabled Americans. At the same time, changes designed to save money by discouraging access to needed care may end up costing Medicare more in future hospitalizations and other complex health services.
Any new Medigap option
must be designed so that people can easily understand its risks and benefits. For example, there is incontrovertible evidence that Medigap standardization has been successful in allowing consumers a meaningful basis to comparison
shop - a good thing for consumers and for the market.
Medigap first dollar coverage
In an ideal world there
would be a simple answer to the question of how to design cost-sharing in
Medigap that strikes the right balance between ensuring that people who need
care get care and discouraging people from seeking unnecessary care. Finding
that delicate balance requires a fair and objective review of our learning
on health care usage. Based on our experience, we have two serious concerns
that we raise here: One, plans that do not provide first dollar coverage might
deter people who elect these plans from getting needed care. Two, plans that
do not provide first dollar coverage might draw a healthier pool of policyholders,
which could lead Medigap insurers to raise rates on the less healthy pool
of policyholders who elected first dollar coverage plans. Moreover, plans
that do not provide first dollar coverage are not likely to attract subscribers.
As you know, the two high deductible plans currently available have few subscribers.
Today, many more people sign up for plans that cover their high deductibles
and high cost sharing than for less expensive plans that do not.
Regardless of ideology,
none of us wants a health care system that deters people from getting needed
care. At the same time, limited public resources should not be diverted to
pay for unnecessary care. We need to understand clearly where the dividing
line is. The tragedy we hear at the Medicare Rights Center, day after day,
is from our elderly clients who report that they go without needed care because
they cannot afford it. As you well know, prescription drugs are the prime
example of what we consider to be an inhumane and uncivilized deprivation
in modern day America. Remember, the Medicare population is a group of Americans
who have a median income below $24,000 a year. Indeed, members of the Committee,
our neighbors are going without needed health care as we meet today.
Our client experiences
also tell us that Medigap policies are the mechanism through which our clients
budget for their health care each month, enabling them to predict many of
the costs they will face. Human beings, of course, are not clairvoyant and
are hard-pressed to self-insure for unexpected high cost health care needs.
While a high-deductible Medigap plan may mean a beneficial lower monthly Medigap
premium, it may also mean a gamble about future health care needs and out-of-pocket
costs that keep people from getting necessary care.
Reducing first dollar costs
As this Committee considers
ways to offer people with Medicare meaningful health care choices, encourage
access to needed care and discourage unnecessary care, we would urge you to
look at offering supplemental coverage options directly through Medicare with
a co-pay and a premium. Adding supplemental coverage options to Medicare would
allow the millions of people with disabilities under 65 the right to purchase
coverage, promoting their access to needed care. It could also spread risk
more broadly and help stabilize supplemental insurance premiums. We wonder
whether the Congressional Budget Office has ever scored this proposal to expand
Medicare and strongly recommend that you request further study of this option.
Access to Medigap and Prescription Drug Coverage
To conclude, we strongly
urge that before pushing forward with changes to Medigap that you ask the
GAO and the CBO to study these proposed changes and their potential consequences.
Add to the current Administration proposals serious review of other options,
such as a supplemental policy directly through Medicare. No one expected that
the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 would lead to 2.2 million Americans losing
their HMO coverage and thousands struggling to secure a Medigap policy. No
one would want to offer a change to Medigap that impeded access to needed
care. That said, the greatest barrier to needed care right now is the lack
of a Medicare prescription drug benefit. Prescription drug coverage through
Medigap has proven to be unworkable. Now is the time for Congress to expand
Medicare to include prescription drug coverage for everyone.
Thank you.
_________________________________
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by info@medicarerights.org
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For more free information on Medicare, Medigap insurance and health insurance, check out the web sites and call the telephone numbers listed below.
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Someone at the Medicare helpline can answer your questions about the Original Medicare Plan and provide up-to-date information about Medicare, Managed Care Plans and Private Fee-For-Service plans in your area. You can also get information about the quality of care and member satisfaction in Medicare Managed Care Plans, such as Medicare HMOs.
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This official U.S. Government site for Medicare provides up-to-date information about Medicare, Medicare health plans, consumer publication, nursing homes, fraud and abuse. View the Medicare handbook, Medicare and You and the Guide to Health Insurance for People with Medicare . URL: http://www.medicare.gov
Medicare Health Plan Compare
Medicare Compare provides the costs and benefits of the Medicare health plans in your area, which you can compare side by side. This site also contains information about the quality of care and member satisfaction in Medicare Managed Care Plans, such as Medicare HMOs. URL:
http://www.medicare.gov/MPHCompare/Home.asp
Medicare Helpful Contacts
Find the important Medicare contacts in your state and local community. These contacts include your State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) and Peer Review Organization (PRO). URL: http://www.medicare.gov/Contacts/Home.asp
Medigap Compare
Medigap Compare provides a list of the insurance companies (and their phone numbers) that sell Medigap (Medicare supplemental insurance) plans in your state. Some insurance companies have also provided to Medicare additional information such as which Medigap plans they offer, who the plans are offered to, and the rating method they use to price their plans. URL: http://www.medicare.gov/mgcompare/home.asp
Medicare Rights Center
The Medicare Rights Center, a national, not-for-profit organization, represents the interests of Medicare beneficiaries and provides a free counseling service to Medicare beneficiaries. Order a wide range of consumer publications covering Medicare basics, Medicare HMOs, Medicare appeal rights, home and hospice benefits and supplemental insurance by calling 212-869-3850, Ext. 10. URL: http://www.medicarerights.org
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
AHRQ is the lead federal agency supporting research designed to improve the quality of health care, reduce its cost and broaden access to essential services. View AHRQ's publications; Checkup on Health Insurance Choices, Your Guide to Choosing Quality Health Care and Choosing and Using a Health Plan or order by calling 1-800-358-9295. URL: http://www.ahcpr.gov/consumer/
National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)
NCQA, a private nonprofit organization, is committed to improving the quality of health plans. Check out NCQA's Health Plan Report Card to find out if the health plan you are in or considering has met their standards and received NCQA accreditation or "seal of approval". You can also call NCQA at 1-888-275-7585 for this information. URL: http://www.healthchoices.org/
State Insurance Departments
Link to your state insurance department websites, from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) website. State insurance departments are responsible for licensing and regulating insurance companies doing business in their state and approving their Medigap policies. They often have consumer information and can help with complaints. URL: http://www.naic.org/1regulator/usamap.htm
Department of Labor, Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration(PWBA)
PWBA works to protect the health and pension benefits of many workers, retirees and dependents. The website provides information and publications on how life and work events, such as retiring, affect employees' health benefit choices. View their brochures on-line or order by calling 1-800-998-7542. URL: http://www.dol.gov/dol/pwba/public/health.htm
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Help! I Need Information On Medicare Supplemental Insurance
Printable
Version
What Is Medicare Supplemental Insurance?
Medicare provides some protection against the high cost of health
care. However, it does not pay all of your health care costs. Therefore,
people may need additional protection to supplement Medicare.
If you are considering the purchase of additional insurance to supplement
your Medicare, make sure you understand what protections the supplemental
policy contains.
What Provisions Should I Look For In My Supplemental Policy
?
Coordination of Benefits
The policy should have a "coordination of benefits" clause which
means the policy will not pay when another insurer pays or each insurer
will pay part of the costs, not to exceed the actual cost.
Duplicate coverage is costly and often means multiple premiums with
no greater protection than a single good policy.
Preexisting Condition
Generally, the policy will not pay for medical conditions occurring
before the policies effective date.
Make sure you know the effective date as you are responsible for
all medical costs resulting from an illness before this date.
Discuss medical conditions which are permanently excluded or
are not payable until a future date. You will be responsible for
the costs of these conditions.
Always get the information in writing.
Waiting Period
Check to see if there is a waiting period before the new coverage
begins to pay. You are responsible for medical costs during the waiting
period.
Do not keep an inadequate policy just because you have had it a
long time. However, if you do replace it keep your old policy in force
until the new one becomes effective.
Maximum Benefits
Discuss the maximum payment amounts under the entire
policy or for specific
treatments , and the maximum
number of days or visits . You are responsible for all
medical costs over these maximums.
Get the maximums in writing. Make sure the limits meet your needs.
Renewal Rights
Avoid policies "renewable at
company option" as the company could cancel your individual policy
for any reason at the end of a policy year or when the premium comes
due.
Grace Period
Make sure the policy gives you at least 10 days after you receive
the policy to look it over. During that time, if you decide you don't
want it, you can return it for a full refund of your premium.
Is It Okay To Withhold Medical Information?
No! Give all your medical information. Withholding medical information
on a policy application may lead to nonpayment for a later claim. Never
believe salespersons who say you don't have to furnish such information
when the application requests it, or say they will fill in that information
later.
Should I Ask For a Written Coverage Description?
Yes! Always ask for a written description of the policy you are considering
buying - in simple language. A company selling a good policy will always
provide a simplified description of the policy. Read the policy carefully.
If you have questions, now is the
time to ask.
Should I Pay Cash for the Policy?
No! Always pay by check, money order, or bank draft made out to the insurance
company - Never to the agent or anyone else.
ALWAYS WRITE DOWN THE NAME, ADDRESS, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER
OF THE AGENT OR INSURANCE COMPANY, SO YOU CAN FOLLOW UP LATER IF THERE
IS ANY PROBLEMS WITH YOUR POLICY.
Take Your Time!
Beware of "last chance to enroll" statements. Don't be high pressured.
Shop carefully and compare policies for what they cover and what
they cost.
Buying insurance is an important decision. Take enough time to feel
confident about your choice. Consult others, if you can, before you
buy.
December 1998
Published in conjunction with Department of Aging Services - Title III
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AllPolitics - Counterpoint: Should Lawmakers Raise Medicare Premiums For The Affluent? - July 24, 1997
Wrong Fix, Wrong Time
By Joe White
1997
1996
A Small Step In The Right Direction
By H.E. Frech III and Kenneth L. Danger
The Senate's proposal to charge higher premiums for Part B (physician's services) insurance for higher income Medicare beneficiaries is a small step in the right direction. It recognizes reality: Medicare is a welfare program, part of the governmental safety net. The details of Medicare are not part of the social contract. Medicare can be changed and still provide high quality coverage and access, but at a lower cost. This is the social contract.
The Senate's action sets a useful precedent by changing something that's obvious to beneficiaries. Medicare has been treated as a political sacred cow, immune to serious reform, for too long.
Like the rest of Social Security, Medicare is primarily paid for by taxes on those currently working. What Medicare beneficiaries receive is unrelated to what they paid in the past. This means that Medicare doesn't follow insurance principles; it redistributes income in complex ways, some favoring the poor and some favoring the wealthy.
Perhaps unintentionally, the higher premiums for the wealthy will have good indirect effects on Medicare's benefit structure.
Some of the wealthy will drop Part B and pick up private insurance instead. Competition will force these insurers to make intelligent use of copayments and managed care. Because the wealthy tend to be relatively big users of Medicare benefits, their defection may save money. Perhaps most important, the defection of some of the wealthy sets a good precedent for future reforms, increasing choice and pluralism.
But, even at best, the Senate's proposal will only delay Medicare's financial problems. In the long run, it will do little to change the fundamental structure.
The idea that rapid movement into efficient Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) will solve the problem is wishful thinking. Because the elderly often have valuable established relationships with physicians, they are reluctant to switch to traditional HMOs that don't include their physicians.
The key problem is that many Medicare enrollees have additional private Medigap or state Medicaid insurance. The Physician Payment Review Commission (PPRC) estimates that nearly 90 percent of Medicare enrollees are covered by this supplemental insurance which often covers the deductible, the 20 percent coinsurance and balance billing by the physician. In effect, many Medicare beneficiaries have nearly 100 percent coverage, without the utilization control or limited provider panels of normal managed care plans.
It should no longer be controversial that such complete coverage leads to high and wasteful utilization. Indeed, the effects of Medicare supplemental insurance coverage have been extensively studied by economists. Recently, the PPRC estimated that beneficiaries with private supplemental insurance consume 28 percent more care than those without it. Most of the extra utilization is paid for by Medicare, at an annual cost of about $1,000 per beneficiary.
The growth of these supplemental plans over the years has progressively destroyed the cost controls sensibly built into Medicare in the beginning. We are surprised that Congress has allowed this to happen.
Increased Medicare premiums will only slow Medicare's slide into bankruptcy. A more promising proposal by the Senate Finance Committee, dropped by the full Senate, was to increase the Medicare deductible for wealthy Americans. Adopting that proposal, or at least indexing the deductible to inflation, would slightly (but usefully) increase cost sharing. Indeed, in the last 30 years of Medicare the deductible has only been allowed to increase to $100. If it had been indexed to inflation, the deductible would be about $235 today. Medicare's design, never modern, has become more outdated over time.
While increasing the deductible is a useful part of reform, much more can be done. Sensible economic incentives need to be created.
First, Congress should first prohibit or sharply discourage private supplemental insurance coverage. Second, Medicare should be redesigned to improve catastrophic coverage (including drugs). Third, Medicare's managed care option should be expanded to include looser managed care plans, such as Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) or Point of Service (POS) plans. Such plans are more attractive than traditional HMO's, as they allow seniors to continue their established relationships with physicians. We would expect a rapid movement into PPOs and POS plans as a result of these reforms.
The Senate's minor reform should be applauded. It is a small step in the right direction and a good precedent. But, we urge Congress and the Clinton administration to take the bolder steps outlined above.
Large reforms in medical insurance have lead to equally large efficiency gains. When faced with a bankrupt Medicaid program, Tennessee promptly enrolled all of its Medicaid beneficiaries into HMOs, allowing an expansion of the program to 300,000 previously uninsured citizens. In a similar situation, California instituted competitive hospital contracting, saving hundreds of millions of dollars.
Frech is professor of economics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and an Adjunct Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. Danger is a Ph.D. student and a lecturer at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
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Results from search: http://www.state.de.us/inscom/press12.htm
Delaware Insurance Department
Commissioner
Donna Lee H. Williams
841 Silver
Lake Boulevard * Dover, DE 19904 * (302)739-4251 (Hours:
Mon-Fri 8-4:30 EST)
NewsMakers
Commissioner Discusses
Withdrawal of Medicare HMOs from Delaware (10/15/1998)
400,000 Medicare beneficiaries nation-wide will lose their
managed care coverage as of December 31, 1998. While some maybe
able to sign up with another HMO right away, others may not have
that option for some time. In Delaware, 11,031 senior citizens
are receiving termination notices by their Medicare HMOs and they
are furious, frightened and bewildered. Why can the HMOs just
cancel their coverage? Where will they get the health insurance
coverage they need? While I cannot stop the carriers from pulling
out of our market, I can help you understand the dynamics that
have lead to their withdrawal. More importantly, I can explain
your options for obtaining health insurance now.
Why Are the Plans Withdrawing?
The federal government provides Medicare benefits in two
different ways: through traditional fee-for-service plans or
through HMOs. In the traditional setting, the federal government
reimburses you, the beneficiary, for most medical services, minus
deductibles and coinsurance. For excess charges and those
services not covered by Medicare, such as vision care and
prescription drugs, you may purchase private coverage through a
Medicare supplement ("Medigap" policy). In the second
setting, the federal government contracts with managed care plans
to provide all Medicare covered services to beneficiaries. The
federal government pays the HMOs a monthly amount for each
enrolled Medicare member in exchange for providing the services.
Many HMOs throughout the country have decided not to renew their
contracts with the federal government. Considering their options
as independent businesses, weighing the costs of new federal
mandates against the reimbursement from the federal government,
they figured they could no longer afford to remain in business
and pulled out of the market in 300 counties, including
Delaware's.
What Are My Options?
(1) You may remain enrolled in your health plan until the end
of the contract period, which is December 31, 1998. If you choose
this option, you will be disenrolled automatically from the plan
and returned to the Original Medicare fee-for-service plan as of
January 1, 1999. (2) You may disenroll from the HMO and return to
the Original Medicare Plan before the end of the contracting
period. However, if you choose that option you may not be
guaranteed certain protections with regards to Medicare
supplemental insurance. (3) You may join another HMO. Currently,
this option is only available to residents of New Castle County.
The new contracting HMO is Cigna Health plan and can be reached
at 1-800-465-9249. In time, residents of Kent and Sussex County,
too, will have the option of signing up with another HMO. (4) If
you return to the Original Medicare plan, you have the right to
buy selected Medicare supplemental insurance plans to help pay
for some or any of the services not covered under Medicare. As
long as you apply for such coverage by March 4, 1999, you may not
be denied coverage, regardless of your age or health status and
must be issued a policy at the companies' standard rates.
The ELDERinfo program at the Insurance Department is available
to assist you in understanding this information and in making any
important decisions. Please call us at 1-800-336-9500 for a
comprehensive information package, including the Guide to Health
Care for Senior Citizens which explains Medicare supplemental
insurance, provides a list of companies authorized to sell them,
and a comparison of benefits and prices. You don't have to
go this difficult path alone.
(302) 739-4251
This page was last updated on 06/16/2000
Results from search: http://dcoa.dc.gov/health/health_insurance.shtm
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INFORMATION
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Health Insurance Counseling
The George Washington University National Law Center's Health Insurance Counseling Project provides free health insurance information, education, and counseling services to Medicare beneficiaries and seniors who live in the District of Columbia. In addition to assistance with health insurance issues, HICP also assists seniors with resolving unpaid medical bills, making appeals for denials of medical services, and obtaining prescription medications.
HICP can answer questions and provide assistance on issues relating to health insurance including Medicare, Medicaid, Medigap (Medicare supplemental insurance), Medicare+Choice (Medicare managed care), long-term care insurance, long-term care, federal employee health benefits, unpaid medical bills,
HMOs, durable medical equipment, and hospice care.
Information is also available from the federal government by phone or Internet by contacting 1-800-MEDICARE or www.medicare.gov .
George Washington University National Law Center
HICP
2136 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20052
Contact:
(202) 739-0668
Fax: (202) 293-4043
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John A. Wilson Building
1350 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20004
Citywide Call Center: (202) 727-1000
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Traditional Insurance &
HMO's : Traditional Insurance Articles : Medicare Supplement Insurance, Medigap
Briefly, Medicare is a
federal health insurance program for people 65 and over and the
disabled of any age. Under Medicare Part A, the federal
government will pay a portion of your expenses for hospitalization,
skilled nursing facility care or Hospice care ( not long term care ).
Medicare Part B will pay a portion of medical expenses such
as charges made by doctors, therapists or ambulances, and the cost
of laboratory tests.
For each medical service
Medicare covers, there is some part Medicare DOES NOT PAY: Medicare
Part A (hospitalization) and Medicare Part B (medical expenses) each
has a deductible (the amount you must pay before Medicare will begin
paying). After paying the applicable deductible, you must also pay a
portion of the hospital or medical expenses called,
"co-insurance" or "co-payment" (the portion of
the expense you are responsible for paying). Medicare Supplemental
policies (also known as Medigap policies), are designed to cover
some of the gaps in the Medicare coverage. In July 1992, Congress
passed legislation creating federal standards for Medicare
Supplement insurance policies. As a result of
"standardization," comparison shopping for insurance
benefits is relatively easy. However, since most health insurance
sold to seniors is sold by insurance agents in the home of the
purchaser, it is easy to forget that the purchase of insurance is a
business transaction.
Whether you need more
health insurance is a decision that only you can make. If you decide
to buy more insurance, shop carefully and buy a policy that you can
afford and offers the benefits you think you need most. Here are
some helpful tips for you to keep in mind when shopping for health
insurance.
Shop Carefully Before You
Buy
Policies differ as to coverage and cost, and companies differ as to
service. Contact different companies and compare the premiums before
you buy.
Don't Buy More Policies
Than You Need
Duplicate coverage can be expensive and generally is unnecessary. A
single comprehensive policy is better than several policies with
overlapping or duplicate coverage. Federal law prohibits an insurer
from selling you a second Medigap policy unless you state in writing
that you intend to cancel the first policy after the replacement
policy goes into effect. Recent changes in the law affect
beneficiaries who get help from the state through its Medicaid
program in paying their health care costs. Anyone who sells you a
policy in violation of the various anti-duplication provisions is
subject to criminal and/or civil penalties under federal law. Call 1-800-638-6833
to report suspected violations.
Consider Your Alternatives
Depending on your health care needs and finances, you may want to
consider continuing the group coverage you have at work, joining a
managed care plan, buying a Medigap policy, or buying a long-term
care insurance policy.
Check For Pre-existing
Condition Exclusions
In evaluating a policy, you should determine whether it limits or
excludes coverage for existing health conditions. Many policies do
not cover health problems that you have at the time of purchase.
Pre-existing conditions are generally health problems you saw a
doctor about within the 6 months before the date the policy went
into effect.
If you have had a health
problem, the insurer might not cover you for expenses connected with
that problem. Medigap policies, however, are required to cover
pre-existing conditions after the policy has been in effect for 6
months. Some companies have shorter waiting periods before covering
a pre-existing condition.
Beware of Replacing
Existing Coverage
Be careful when buying a replacement Medigap policy. Make sure you
have a good reason for switching from one policy to another-you
should only switch for different benefits, better service, or a more
affordable price. On the other hand, don't keep inadequate policies
simply because you have had them for a long time. If you decide to
replace your Medigap policy, you must be given credit for the time
spent under the old policy in determining whether and to what extent
any pre-existing conditions restrictions apply under the new policy.
You must also sign a statement that you intend to terminate the
policy to be replaced. Do not cancel the first policy until you are
sure that you want to keep the new policy. You have 30 days to
decide.
Policy Delivery or Refunds
Should be Prompt
The insurance company should deliver a policy within 30 days. If it
does not, contact the company and obtain in writing the reason for
the delay. If 60 days go by without a response, contact your state
insurance department.
Prohibited Marketing
Practices
It is unlawful for a company or agent to use high pressure tactics
to force or frighten you into buying a Medigap policy, or to make
fraudulent or misleading comparisons to get you to switch from one
company or policy to another. Deceptive "cold lead"
advertising also is prohibited. This tactic involves mailings to
identify individuals who might be interested in buying insurance. If
you fill in and return the card enclosed in the mailing, the card
may be sold to an insurance agent who will try to sell you a policy.
Be Aware of Maximum
Benefits
Most policies have some type of limit on benefits. They may restrict
either the dollar amount that will be paid for treatment of a
condition or the number of days of care for which payment will be
made. Some insurance policies (but not Medigap policies) pay less
than the Medicare-approved amounts for hospital outpatient medical
services and for services provided in a doctor's office. Others do
not pay anything toward the cost of those services.
Policies to Supplement
Medicare Are Neither Sold Nor Serviced by the State or Federal
Governments
State insurance departments approve policies sold by private
insurance companies, but approval only means the company and policy
meets requirements of state law. Do not believe statements that
insurance to supplement Medicare is a government-sponsored program.
If anyone tells you that they are from the government and later
tries to sell you an insurance policy, report that person to your
state insurance department or federal authorities.
This type of
misrepresentation is a violation of federal and state law. It is
also unlawful for a company or agent to claim that a policy has been
approved for sale in any state in which it has not received state
approval or to use fraudulent means to gain approval.
Know With Whom You're
Dealing
A company must meet certain qualifications to do business in your
state. You should check with your state insurance department to make
sure that any company you are considering is licensed in your state.
This is for your protection. Agents also must be licensed by your
state and may be required by the state to carry proof of licensure
showing their name and the company they represent. If the agent
cannot verify that he or she is licensed, do not buy from that
person. A business card is not a license.
Keep Agents' and/or
Companies' Names, Addresses and Telephone Numbers
Write down the agents' and/or companies' names, addresses and
telephone numbers or ask for a business card that provides all that
information.
Take Your Time
Do not be pressured into buying a policy. Principled sales people
will not rush you. If you are not certain whether a policy is what
you need, ask the salesperson to explain it to a friend. Keep in
mind, however, that there is a limited time period in which new
Medicare Part B enrollees can buy the Medigap policy of their choice
without special conditions being imposed (see page 16). Once this
open enrollment period ends, you may be limited as to the Medigap
policies available to you, especially if you have a pre-existing
health condition.
If You Decide To Buy,
Complete the Application Carefully
Do not believe an insurance agent who says your medical history on
an application is not important. Some companies ask for detailed
medical information. If you leave out any of the medical information
requested, coverage could be refused for a period of time for any
medical condition you neglected to mention. The company also could
deny a claim for treatment of an undisclosed condition and/or cancel
your policy.
Look For an Outline of
Coverage
You must be given a clearly worded summary of the policy . . . READ
IT CAREFULLY.
Do Not Pay Cash
Pay by check, money order or bank draft made payable to the
insurance company, not to the agent or anyone else. Get a receipt
with the insurance company's name, address and telephone number for
your records.
# # # #
Need Assistance?
HICAP
Health Insurance Counseling and Advocacy Program
Administered by the California Department of Aging.
Free health insurance
counseling and assistance for California residents 60 years old or
older. To avoid conflicts of interest, HICAP counselors may not be
licensed to sell insurance or actively work for any insurer or
insurance agency.
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF
INSURANCE
(800) 927-HELP (4357)
Offers complaint history of
any licensed insurer.
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Results from search: http://www.wyomingseniors.com/wshiip.htm
WSHIIP
Wyoming State Health Insurance Information Program
(WSHIIP)
Trained counselors promote consumer
understanding of Medicare, Medicaid, Medicare supplement
and long-term care insurance. Call 1-800-856-4398 for:
Free service
Specially trained counselors
Unbiased information providers
Consumer retains all rights to choices
Free Long Term Care Insurance Buyers Guide
available
Free Medicare Supplement Insurance Buyers Guide
available
WSHIIP volunteers must attend yearly in-services to keep them
up-to-date on Medicare issues.
Towns
with WSHIIP Volunteers
Arapahoe
Baggs
Buffalo
Burlington
Casper
Cheyenne
Cody
Dixon
Douglas
Dubois
Elk Mountain
Encampment
Evanston
Fort Washakie
Gillette
Glenrock
Green River
Greybull
Hanna
Hulett
Jackson
Kemmerer
Lander
Laramie
Lusk
Medicine Bow
Moorcroft
Newcastle
Pinedale
Rawlins
Riverton
Rock Springs
Saratoga
Sheridan
Shoshoni
Sundance
Teton Village
Thayne
Thermopolis
Torrington
Wheatland
Worland
Wright
Call 1-800-856-4398 for further
information, specific names and phone numbers of
volunteers.
Medicare+
Choice in Wyoming
We all know that Medicare does not pay 100% of medical
bills. In Wyoming, the only choice available for
beneficiaries to help fill in the gaps is supplemental
insurance. Medicare is encouraging companies to offer the
other options, such as HMOs, MSAs, PSOs, etc., but again,
as of now supplemental insurance (Medigap) is the only
choice available in Wyoming.
Wyoming Senior Citizens, Inc. in partnership with the
Aging Division of Wyoming and the Administration on Aging
began a three-year project entitled Senior Patrol. The
Senior Patrol project is designed to educate seniors and
the general public to identify Medicare/Medicaid fraud,
waste and abuse. Wyoming Senior Citizens, Inc., Ombudsman
and the Wyoming State Health Insurance Information
Program will lead the project. The WSHIIP Volunteers will
also be very involved. Visit our Senior
Patrol Project link to learn more about
Medicare/Medicaid fraud, waste and abuse.
For an explanation or
address of insurance companies that carry MEDICARE SUPPLEMENT
"MEDIGAP" INSURANCE or LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE click on
either title.
The Wyoming Aging Division
and HCFA are sites for
information for seniors in Wyoming.
contact
the WSHIIP representative nearest you:
email
Janet Hackleman
WSHIIP Manager
P.O. Box BD
Riverton, WY 82501
1-800-856-4398
Fax: (307)856-4466
Virginia King
WSHIIP Coordinator
951 Werner Court, Suite 295
Casper, WY 82501
1-307-235-5959
Fax: (307)235-5960
OMBUDSMAN
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